In previous parts of this series, we have explored the reasons behind storytelling, focusing on both the scientific aspects and the connection of storytelling to framing and narrative change. This third piece will delve into storytelling mechanics and how stories unfold through plot structures, character arcs, and thematic threads.

Many narratives share common structural elements:

Plot Structure: This refers to the sequence of events in a story, often following a pattern—rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. An example is the classic “hero’s journey” archetype, where a protagonist faces challenges and emerges victorious.

Character Arcs: Compelling stories feature strong and dynamic character development in which individuals undergo transformation and growth. We connect with their struggles, celebrate their victories, and learn from their journeys.

Thematic Threads: Beyond the surface plot, stories often explore deeper themes, such as love, loss, justice, or redemption. These universal themes resonate with audiences and give stories their emotional weight.

Here are three storytelling structures that incorporate these elements:

Linear/Aristotelian Structure: This classic structure, often attributed to Aristotle, follows a clear chronological order. The exposition introduces the setting, characters, and initial situation. As the action rises, conflict emerges and builds, raising the stakes. The climax is the turning point of the story, the moment of greatest tension*. Falling action is the aftermath of the climax, where loose ends are tied up. Finally, the conflict is resolved, providing a sense of closure.

Hero’s Journey: This archetype describes a typical pattern found in myths and stories across cultures: The story sets the stage for the hero’s life. The hero faces a challenge or opportunity that represents a first point of conflict, disrupting their ordinary world; often, the hero hesitates and refuses the call due to fear or doubt. The hero encounters a guide, crosses the threshold, commits to the adventure, and enters a new world. The hero faces challenges, makes allies, and confronts enemies on the journey. The hero prepares for a significant ordeal and faces their greatest fear or challenge. Finally, the hero experiences a transformation or rebirth and brings newfound wisdom or gifts to their community.

In Medias Res: In this storytelling structure, the audience is placed directly into the middle of the action before the story reveals earlier events through flashbacks or exposition.

While these storytelling structures offer a framework for telling stories, it’s essential to recognize that the Western lens isn’t the only way to tell a story. Storytelling structures from non-Western cultures offer alternatives. For example, in Indigenous cultures, circular storytelling reflects the cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth, emphasizing interconnectedness and community. Another example of storytelling is storytelling in the oral tradition, which uses episodic storytelling to impart history and preserve cultural values. Non-linear narratives, often found in Latin America, challenge traditional Western notions of time and perspective through magical realism. Frame Stories, used in the Middle East, Asia, and Europe, involve stories within stories, creating layers of narrative that unfold like a set of nested boxes.

For more on story structures, read Part II of this installment of our series.

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*Short Story Structure: The Essential Guide For Writers – Self published Whiz. https://selfpublishedwhiz.com/short-story-structure-the-essential-guide-for-writers/